NYC Mayoral Race Centers on Whether Four-Year-Olds Should Be Tracked as Gifted
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NYC mayoral race focuses on Mamdani’s plan to delay gifted programs until third grade, affecting 2,100 kindergartners. Opponents vow expansion instead.
The question of when children should be identified as academically gifted has emerged as a flashpoint in New York City’s mayoral race, with Democratic nominee Zohran Mamdani proposing to delay accelerated learning programs until third grade rather than starting in kindergarten.
Mamdani’s proposal, revealed in response to a New York Times questionnaire in early October 2025, would affect approximately 2,100 kindergartners currently enrolled in separate gifted and talented programs out of more than 70,000 kindergartners citywide. The plan would maintain gifted programs for grades one through five.
“Identifying academic giftedness at age 4 is hard to do objectively by any assessment, whether through testing or teacher nominations,” said Dora Pekec, Mamdani’s campaign spokesperson, in a statement released October 2.
The proposal immediately drew sharp criticism from Mamdani’s opponents in the November election. Former Governor Andrew Cuomo, running as an independent after losing the June Democratic primary to Mamdani, called the plan a “giant step back” and proposed expanding specialized high schools from nine to 18. Republican nominee Curtis Sliwa also vowed to expand both gifted programs and specialized schools.
Mayor Eric Adams, who suspended his reelection campaign in late September, defended his administration’s expansion of gifted programs on social media. “The Gifted & Talented program gave thousands of Black and Brown kids a real shot to excel,” Adams wrote, pointing out that Mamdani attended Bronx High School of Science, one of the city’s selective specialized schools.
Recent Progress and Persistent Disparities
New York City’s approach to gifted education is unusual among large urban districts. The city offers separate accelerated programs starting in kindergarten, enrolling fewer than 3% of all kindergartners in the nation’s largest school system.
The program has undergone significant changes in recent years. Former Mayor Bill de Blasio announced plans in October 2021 to completely phase out elementary gifted programs, arguing that “the era of judging 4-year-olds based on a single test is over.” De Blasio abandoned the controversial exam administered to 4-year-olds and proposed a universal screening system for third graders.
Adams reversed course upon taking office in January 2022, expanding gifted programs but maintaining the switch from testing to teacher nominations. This change has significantly improved racial diversity in kindergarten gifted programs. According to Education Department data, Black kindergartner enrollment in gifted classes increased from 4% three years ago to 14% during the 2023-24 school year. Latino kindergartner participation doubled from 8% to 16% over the same period.
Despite these improvements, significant disparities persist. About 70% of students in gifted programs are white or Asian American, though these groups comprise only 35% of the overall student body. The programs enroll few students with disabilities or English language learners. Citywide, 62% of NYC public school students are Black or Latino, but only 30% of kindergarten gifted enrollment comes from these groups.
How the MSM Has Misled
Multiple Sources: Headlines emphasized "eliminating gifted programs" without immediately clarifying in opening paragraphs that Mamdani would keep programs for grades 1-5, creating impression of total elimination. This framing caused readers to react emotionally before understanding the limited scope affecting only 2,100 of 70,000+ kindergartners.
Chalkbeat and CBS: Described program as "intensely segregated" without acknowledging that teacher nominations increased Black kindergartner enrollment from 4% to 14% and Latino from 8% to 16% - meaningful progress that complicates the simple segregation narrative and shows recent policy changes are working.
Mayor Adams: Claimed program "gave thousands of Black and Brown kids a real shot to excel" without media noting that "thousands" represents only 14% of kindergartners in gifted programs (about 290 Black students out of 2,100 total), while 70% of spots go to white/Asian students despite being 35% of enrollment.
Fox News and Bloomberg: Repeatedly emphasized Mamdani's "democratic socialist" label when describing education policy, creating ideological framing that suggests policy is driven by political ideology rather than educational research on developmental appropriateness of assessing 4-year-olds.
CBS and Fox: Gave equal coverage to Cuomo and Sliwa's "expansion" proposals without scrutinizing whether either candidate provided specific plans, funding sources, or solutions to racial disparities - treating vague promises as equivalent alternatives to Mamdani's specific proposal.
Developmental Concerns and Political Stakes
The debate touches on fundamental questions about early childhood assessment and tracking. Brooklyn College Professor David Bloomfield acknowledged the complexity: “The argument against [gifted programs] is it’s very hard to sort out who is really deserving of that kind of special attention when they’re 4 years old.”
Under the current teacher nomination system, there are thousands more students nominated as potentially gifted than available seats, requiring a lottery to determine admission. This creates a situation where the distinction between students who receive gifted services and those who don’t may have more to do with lottery luck than academic ability.
The programs also function as a pipeline to the city’s most desired middle schools, explaining the intensity of parental investment in kindergarten admissions decisions. For many middle-class families and families of color, gifted programs represent a pathway to higher-performing schools that may be in short supply in their neighborhoods.
Mamdani’s proposal arrives as he holds a commanding lead in polls weeks before the November election. A recent survey showed him ahead of Cuomo by 18 percentage points, with Sliwa trailing further behind.
The timing of Mamdani’s education announcement may reflect criticism from Cuomo that the Queens assemblyman lacks a clear K-12 agenda. “It’s hard not to see this as a direct response to the political coalition Cuomo is trying to form,” said Jonathan Collins, a professor of political science and education at Columbia University Teachers College.
Universal Access vs. Selective Programs
Under New York City’s system of mayoral control, the next mayor would have authority to alter school admissions policies unilaterally. However, Mamdani has also proposed scaling back mayoral control in favor of giving parents and educators more input in decision-making. Some observers have noted tension between proposing significant policy changes while pledging more democratic governance.
City Council Member Justin Brannan, who chairs the finance committee and has endorsed Mamdani, defended the proposal. “The teachers and parents I speak with agree we need to give kids some time to be kids, and then we can offer access to accelerated learning programs in the later years of elementary school,” Brannan said.
Mamdani’s education platform emphasizes universal access over selective programs. His signature proposal calls for free, universal child care for children from 6 weeks to 5 years old, addressing what his campaign identifies as a crisis affecting more than 80% of New York families with young children.
Neither Cuomo nor Sliwa has provided detailed plans for how expanding gifted programs would address the persistent racial disparities that have driven the debate. Cuomo’s statement that “eliminating opportunities for excellence doesn’t help underserved kids” doesn’t explain how maintaining current structures would increase access for Black and Latino students.
The controversy reflects a national debate about gifted education and tracking. An Education Department survey found that many families who left NYC public schools between September 2022 and the end of 2023 cited desire for more rigorous instruction. However, research on early tracking’s effectiveness and fairness continues to evolve, with growing questions about the developmental appropriateness of academic assessments for pre-K and kindergarten children.
With the November election approaching, the debate over 2,100 kindergarten gifted seats has become a proxy for larger questions: How should public schools balance excellence with equity? At what age can academic potential be meaningfully assessed? What role does growth mindset play in determining which students receive enrichment opportunities? And who should decide the answers to these questions in the nation’s largest school system?
