Understanding Hot and Cold Executive Functions
Research shows that executive functions can be divided into two categories: ‘hot’ and ‘cold’. Hot executive functions are associated with emotional and affective processes, while cold executive functions are more analytical and intellectual. This distinction is not just theoretical; it is deeply rooted in different brain regions. Hot executive functions engage areas like the medial prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, and the limbic system, which are central to emotional processing. In contrast, cold executive functions rely on regions such as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, which are crucial for logical reasoning and memory.

Educators often find that understanding these distinctions can enhance their teaching strategies. By recognizing that students may struggle with either hot or cold executive functions, educators can tailor their approaches to meet these specific needs. For instance, a student who has difficulty with emotional regulation might benefit from strategies that focus on managing hot executive functions, such as mindfulness exercises or emotional journaling.