Every parent of a struggling learner remembers the school employee who finally spotted the real problem. Sometimes it was a teacher. Often it was a speech pathologist, a counselor, or the nurse who noticed a child squinting at the board. This November, Arizona voters decide whether the state’s largest districts must direct 60 cents of every operational dollar to what the ballot calls direct instruction. The entire measure turns on where the state draws the line around those two words, and the line runs straight through the people who do the noticing.
Arizona voters will decide whether the state’s biggest districts must spend 60 percent of their budgets on direct instruction. The whole debate turns on what counts. Answers to common questions below.
Common questions
What is Arizona Proposition 320?
Does Proposition 320 eliminate school counselors or nurses?
What counts as classroom spending in Arizona?
My child struggles in school. How do I find out what is underneath it?
Arizona votes on requiring 60% of district spending for 'direct instruction.' Under state categories, athletics count. Counselors, nurses and speech pathologists do not.
What Proposition 320 would require
Proposition 320, which reached the November 2026 ballot as Senate Concurrent Resolution 1032, applies to districts with at least 7,500 students or a school in a county of more than 500,000 people. Covered districts must reach 60 percent of operational spending on direct instructional expenses, raising their share by at least half a percentage point each year starting in fiscal 2028. Districts that fall short lose escalating portions of their Classroom Site Fund money, the voter-approved fund that supports teacher pay: 25 percent after one year out of compliance, 50 after two, 75 after three, and the full amount after four. The state schools chief is allowed to grant a district two waivers in any ten-year period.
The push follows a March report from the Arizona Auditor General finding that 52.1 cents of every dollar went to instruction in 2024-25, down from 52.6 the year before and the lowest share in the two decades the office has tracked it. “Schools have spent money on everything but the classroom,” Republican Rep. Matt Gress told KJZZ when the report landed. Supporters frame the floor as a way to push money toward teacher pay. Geneva Fuentes of the Arizona Education Association, responding to the House version of the proposal, said the union was deeply concerned about its provisions and warned that defining instruction narrowly could leave students with fewer resources.
Schools have spent money on everything but the classroom.
Laura Lurns · Learning Success expert
The definition is the whole ballgame
The measure hands the Auditor General the job of defining direct instructional expenses. Under the categories the office uses today, instruction covers teacher salaries and benefits, aides, substitutes, supplies, field trips, and athletics. Counselors, nurses, audiologists, speech pathologists, and social workers sit in a separate support category that does not count toward the floor. So a coach’s stipend moves a district closer to 60 percent. The audiologist who figures out why a third grader keeps missing the difference between similar sounds moves it further away.
For families of struggling learners, that sorting gets the science backwards. The International Dyslexia Association’s 2025 definition recognizes that reading differences involve multiple systems, with co-occurring challenges across working memory, processing speed, and visual processing. A child who strains to distinguish similar sounds looks exactly like a child who needs more phonics until someone checks their hearing or their auditory processing, and the people who do that checking live in the uncounted category. The emotional layer is not decoration either: a 2023 scoping review by Astle and colleagues reported elevated risk of anxiety and lower self-esteem among children with dyslexia, and named support as a factor that mitigates the risk. None of this makes teacher pay the wrong priority. Direct, explicit teaching is what builds skills, and Arizona’s classroom share sits at a two-decade low while its per-student spending, at $14,629, trails the national average of $19,132. The problem is a category that treats the support layer as overhead.
Key takeaways
- The vote: Proposition 320 requires 60 percent of big-district spending on direct instruction, phased in from 2028.
- The fine print: Under current state categories, athletics count as instruction; counselors, nurses, and speech pathologists do not.
- The stakes: Districts that miss the floor forfeit growing shares of voter-approved teacher-pay funds.
Questions to ask before November
If you vote in Arizona, three questions cut through the noise. First, what does your district spend on instruction now? The Auditor General publishes a page for every district, so the number is public. Second, if your district sits below 60 percent, which people in the uncounted categories are exposed while it climbs toward the floor? Third, how will the district keep funding the services federal law requires, including the supports written into IEPs and 504 plans, once the floor starts binding? Sen. Lauren Kuby of Tempe pressed this point during the Senate debate, arguing the formula ignores legally required services and the high cost of educating students with disabilities, a group the auditor reports is growing even as overall enrollment falls.
The tradeoff is honest on both sides. A district carrying real administrative bloat gets a hard shove toward classrooms and teacher paychecks. A lean district serving many children with high needs gets squeezed exactly where those children get caught. If you live outside Arizona, keep the lens anyway: every promise to move money into the classroom comes with a definition, and the definition, not the slogan, decides whether the person who finally notices your child’s struggle still has a job. If the measure passes, watch the auditor’s definitions. That is where this fight goes next.
We are very, very concerned about the provisions in this bill
Laura Lurns · Learning Success expert
You are the one who notices first when something is off in your child’s learning, and no spending formula changes that. The villain here is not teachers and not counselors: it is the idea that a ledger category tells you what helps a child learn. Whatever voters decide in November, the foundations your child’s learning runs on, from auditory processing to confidence, are things you are able to strengthen at home starting now. The All Access program walks you through exactly that, with a free trial and a personalized roadmap you keep either way.
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Your school district must evaluate your child free of charge if you ask in writing, whatever your income and whatever the outcome (US, 34 CFR 300.111 and 300.301(b)). That route takes time and answers a different question than you do. This one starts today, from what you already know.
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A screener is a starting point, not a diagnosis. If your child might need formal accommodations (an IEP or 504 plan), or you suspect a vision, hearing or medical cause, pursue a professional evaluation too. That is the only route to those supports.
References
- Arizona State Legislature - SCR 1032 Senate Fact Sheet (as passed Committee of the Whole)
- KJZZ (March 3, 2026) - Arizona school districts continue to spend less money in the classroom, new report says
- Arizona Capitol Times (March 24, 2026) - Arizona education funding debate heads to November ballot
- Arizona's Family (February 25, 2026) - Arizona bill would require school districts to spend 60% of funds on instruction
- Astle et al. (2023), scoping review - Understanding Mental Health in Developmental Dyslexia
